Arts, entertainment & recreation
The share of jobs within commuting reach of a tract that are in the arts, entertainment and recreation sector.
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Of all the jobs within commuting reach of a tract, the share located in NAICS sector 71. The twenty sectors together account for the whole reachable pool, so this describes the mix of available work rather than its size. See Accessible jobs for how the pool is defined.
The Census Bureau describes the sector as including "a wide range of establishments that operate facilities or provide services to meet varied cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of their patrons," comprising "(1) establishments that are involved in producing, promoting, or participating in live performances, events, or exhibits intended for public viewing; (2) establishments that preserve and exhibit objects and sites of historical, cultural, or educational interest; and (3) establishments that operate facilities or provide services that enable patrons to participate in recreational activities or pursue amusement, hobby, and leisure-time interests" (2022 NAICS definitions).
Those three groups are quite different amenities. Theaters and performing arts companies, museums and historic sites, and golf courses, marinas, fitness centers, ski areas and gambling establishments all count here. A high share signals that leisure facilities are a significant local employer; which kind they are is not distinguishable from this number alone.
Metrics in this family#
Considerations#
Timing matters more here than in most sectors. A job enters LODES when a person has earnings from an employer in both the first and second quarters of the year, and the count corresponds to jobs held at the start of the second quarter — early April (LODES Design and Methodology Report). Summer recreation employment is largely not yet in place at that date, while winter sports employment is past its peak, so seasonal destinations are measured at an unrepresentative point in their own year. The Bureau also notes that LODES may underrepresent very short jobs held for a single pay period, which is common in event and performance work.
This is a small sector in most places, so shares are small and a single venue can move a tract's value.
Jobs are counted where the work is located, not where workers live, at the address the employer reports administratively. To protect confidentiality, the Bureau infuses noise into the underlying employer and establishment records, holding a worksite's factor constant over time. Industry sector is a secondary characteristic in LODES, estimated during that protection rather than carried through directly.
Alaska and Michigan have no workplace files for the two most recent data years, and Puerto Rico is not covered; tracts there carry no value.
References#
- 12022 NAICS definitionshttps://www.census.gov/naics/2022NAICS/2022_NAICS_Descriptions.xlsx
- 2LODES Design and Methodology Reporthttps://www2.census.gov/library/working-papers/2025/adrm/ces/CES-WP-25-52.pdf